Discovery of 2-(4-methylfuran-2(5H)-ylidene)malononitrile and thieno[3,2-b]thiophene-2-carboxylic acid derivatives as G protein-coupled receptor 35 (GPR35) agonists

J Med Chem. 2011 Oct 27;54(20):7385-96. doi: 10.1021/jm200999f. Epub 2011 Oct 4.

Abstract

Screening with dynamic mass redistribution (DMR) assays in a native cell line HT-29 led to identification of two novel series of chemical compounds, 2-(4-methylfuran-2(5H)-ylidene)malononitrile and thieno[3,2-b]thiophene-2-carboxylic acid derivatives, as GPR35 agonists. Of these, 2-(3-cyano-5-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-4,5-dimethylfuran-2(5H)-ylidene)malononitrile (YE120) and 6-bromo-3-methylthieno[3,2-b]thiophene-2-carboxylic acid (YE210) were found to be the two most potent GPR35 agonists with an EC(50) of 32.5 ± 1.7 nM and 63.7 ± 4.1 nM, respectively. Both agonists exhibited better potency than that of zaprinast, a known GPR35 agonist. DMR antagonist assays, knockdown of GPR35 with interference RNA, receptor internalization assays, and Tango β-arrestin translocation assays confirmed that the agonist activity of these ligands is specific to GPR35. The present study provides novel chemical series as a starting point for further investigations of GPR35 biology and pharmacology.

MeSH terms

  • Arrestins / genetics
  • Arrestins / metabolism
  • Cell Line
  • Furans / chemical synthesis*
  • Furans / chemistry
  • Furans / pharmacology
  • Genes, Reporter
  • High-Throughput Screening Assays
  • Humans
  • Nitriles / chemical synthesis*
  • Nitriles / chemistry
  • Nitriles / pharmacology
  • Protein Transport / drug effects
  • Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled / agonists*
  • Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled / antagonists & inhibitors
  • Structure-Activity Relationship
  • Thiophenes / chemical synthesis*
  • Thiophenes / chemistry
  • Thiophenes / pharmacology
  • beta-Arrestins

Substances

  • 2-(3-cyano-5-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-4,5-dimethylfuran-2(5H)-ylidene)malononitrile
  • 6-bromo-3-methylthieno(3,2-b)thiophene-2-carboxylic acid
  • Arrestins
  • Furans
  • GPR35 protein, human
  • Nitriles
  • Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled
  • Thiophenes
  • beta-Arrestins